Intervention:
Once monitoring, identification, and action thresholds indicate that pest
control is required, and preventive methods are no longer effective or
available, IPM programs then evaluate the proper control method both for
effectiveness and risk. Effective, less risky pest controls are chosen first,
including highly targeted chemicals, such as pheromones to disrupt pest mating,
or mechanical control, such as trapping or weeding. If further monitoring,
identifications, and action thresholds indicate that less risky controls are not
working, then additional pest control methods would be employed, such as
targeted spraying of pesticides. Broadcast spraying of non-specific pesticides
is a last resort.